China Deepens Rural Reforms to Boost Food Security

China is intensifying its efforts to strengthen its agricultural sector and ensure food security, according to a new policy document, Reuters reports. This comes amid concerns about US tariffs, an economic slowdown, and the impacts of climate change.

The State Council's annual rural policy blueprint, known as the "No. 1 document," outlines a range of measures aimed at revitalizing agriculture. A key focus is on improving compensation and subsidy systems for major grain-producing regions, promoting the industrialization of biotech cultivation, and bolstering food security.

China, the world's leading grain importer, achieved record grain production of 706.5 million metric tons in 2024, representing a 1.6% increase from the previous year. However, the latest policy document underscores China's determination to enhance self-sufficiency and supply chain stability in the face of potential disruptions to agricultural trade with major partners such as the United States, the European Union, and Canada.

The policy document emphasizes China's commitment to "diversifying trade" and fostering "stable supply chains," reflecting concerns about geopolitical tensions and potential trade disruptions.

While approval has been granted for genetically modified (GM) and gene-edited soybeans, wheat, and corn, their planting remains limited and subject to strict controls. The extent and pace of their cultivation remains unclear.

Beyond grain production, the document highlights China's intention to closely monitor and regulate pig production capacity, while providing support for the beef and dairy cattle industries. It also encourages financial institutions to increase funding for rural revitalization initiatives.